Food Processing: Techniques and Technology Food Processing: Techniques and Technology Техника и технология пищевых производств 2074-9414 2313-1748 65036 10.21603/2074-9414-2023-2-2429 ОБЗОРНАЯ СТАТЬЯ REVIEW ARTICLE ОБЗОРНАЯ СТАТЬЯ A Review of Methodological Approaches to Authenticating the Geographical Origin of Wines Методические подходы к определению географического происхождения вин. Обзор https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1784-2370 Гниломедова Нонна Владимировна Gnilomedova Nonna V. 231462@mail.ru https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5682-3426 Аникина Надежда Станиславовна Anikina Nadezhda S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2834-6225 Колеснов Александр Юрьевич Kolesnov Alexander Yu. Всероссийский национальный научно-исследовательский институт виноградарства и виноделия «Магарач» РАН Ялта Россия All-Russian National Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking “Magarach” of the RAS Yalta Russian Federation Всероссийский национальный научно-исследовательский институт виноградарства и виноделия «Магарач» РАН Ялта Россия All-Russian National Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking “Magarach” of the RAS Yalta Russian Federation Российский университет дружбы народов Москва Россия Peoples' Friendship University of Russia Moscow Russian Federation 23 06 2023 23 06 2023 53 2 231 246 24 10 2022 06 12 2022 https://fptt.ru/en/issues/21711/21716/

Вина географического статуса представляют повышенный интерес для потребителей и производителей винодельческой продукции. На данный момент географическое происхождение вин декларируется только заявленной на этикетке информацией, т. к. не существует официальной системы критериев, гарантирующих подлинность места производства продукта. Цель работы – анализ существующих методических подходов для подтверждения географического происхождения вин. Объектом исследования являлась отечественная и зарубежная научная литература, проиндексированная в наукометрических базах данных Dimensions и Elibrary с 2017 по 2022 гг. Поиск проводился по запросам: подлинность вин, географическое происхождение вин и хемометрия. Анализ литературных данных показал отсутствие единого методического решения проблемы определения географического происхождения вин. Разнообразие подходов обусловлено широким перечнем показателей и методов их определения, спектром аналитического оборудования и вариабильностью моделей обработки информации. Высокая достоверность подтверждения происхождения вин обеспечена хемометрическими методами обработки больших массивов результатов аналитических исследований, структурированных в банке данных (принцип «отпечатков пальцев»). Обоснованные маркеры индивидуальны для географического региона (страны, зоны, терруара), их количество в различных исследованиях варьируется от 2 до 65. Выбран комплексный подход, базирующийся на сочетании изотопного состава легких и тяжелых элементов с катионно-анионным профилем, аналитическое обеспечение которого представлено методами атомно-абсорбционной и атомно-эмиссионной спектроскопии, спектрометрии с индуктивно-связанной плазмой, масс-спектрометрии изотопных отношений, а также количественной и качественной спектроскопии ядерного магнитного резонанса. В рамках реализации предложенного подхода предполагается разработать индивидуальные «энохимические портреты» вин конкретного региона и выбрать наиболее эффективные хемометрические модели определения их географического происхождения.

Wines with a clear geographical origin are more attractive for customers. The geographical origin of wine is stated on its label, but no official standards guarantee its reliability. The present research objective was to analyze the existing methodological approaches to wine authentication. The study featured domestic and foreign publications indexed in Dimensions and Elibrary in 2017–2022 with such keywords as wine authentication, geographical origin of wine, and chemometrics. The research revealed no single methodological solution to wine authentication because food science knows a wide range of parameters, methods, analytical equipment, and data processing models. Chemometric methods are reliable because they are able to process large arrays of analytical research results structured in a data bank using the so-called fingerprint principle. They involve 2–65 markers that are individual for each geographical region, country, zone, or terroir. Another promising method is the quantitative and qualitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (qNMR) of protons 1H and deuterium 2H(D) nuclei, as well as other elements (13C, 17O, 31P, 14N). The review resulted in an integrated approach based on a combination of isotopic testing with cation-anionic profiling. The analytical support involved the methods of atomic absorption and atomic emission spectroscopy, spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma, isotope ratio mass-spectrometry, and quantitative and qualitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. This combined approach could provide background for an all-Russian state standard with a single algorithm for wine authentication tests. The new approach will be used to develop enochemical profiles of wines from a particular region, as well as to choose the most effective chemometric models for geographical authentication.

 Вино энология аутентичность хемометрия стабильные изотопы спектроскопия масс-спектрометрия ядерный магнитный резонанс терруар Wine oenology authenticity chemometry stable isotopes spectroscopy mass spectrometry nuclear magnetic resonance terroir Работа выполнена в рамках Государственного задания Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (Минобрнауки России) № FNZM-2022-0005. Публикация выполнена при поддержке Программы стратегического академического лидерства Российского университета дружбы народов (РУДН). The research was part of the State Assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Minobrnauki) No. FNZM-2022-0005 and supported by the Strategic Academic Leadership Program of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (PFUR).

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