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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Food Processing: Techniques and Technology</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Food Processing: Techniques and Technology</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Техника и технология пищевых производств</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">2074-9414</issn>
   <issn publication-format="online">2313-1748</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">92582</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21603/2074-9414-2024-4-2543</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLE</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Mass Transfer Patterns during Low-Temperature Concentration of Skim Milk</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Закономерности массообменных процессов при криоконцентрировании обезжиренного молока</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6210-3756</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Короткая</surname>
       <given-names>Елена Валерьевна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Korotkaya</surname>
       <given-names>Elena V.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>lena_short@mail.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7623-0940</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Короткий</surname>
       <given-names>Игорь Алексеевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Korotkiy</surname>
       <given-names>Igor A.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4184-1706</contrib-id>
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Васильев</surname>
       <given-names>Кирилл Иванович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Vasiliev</surname>
       <given-names>Kirill I.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Ефремов</surname>
       <given-names>Денис Алексеевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Efremov</surname>
       <given-names>Denis A.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Кемеровский государственный университет</institution>
     <city>Кемерово</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Kemerovo State University</institution>
     <city>Kemerovo</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Кемеровский государственный университет</institution>
     <city>Кемерово</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Kemerovo State University</institution>
     <city>Kemerovo</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Кузбасский региональный институт развития профессионального образования им. А. М. Тулеева</institution>
     <city>Кемерово</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Kuzbass Regional Institute of Professional Education Development named after A.M. Tuleyev</institution>
     <city>Kemerovo</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-4">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Кемеровский государственный университет</institution>
     <city>Кемерово</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Kemerovo State University</institution>
     <city>Kemerovo</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-24T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>24</day>
    <month>12</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-24T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>24</day>
    <month>12</month>
    <year>2024</year>
   </pub-date>
   <volume>54</volume>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <fpage>781</fpage>
   <lpage>793</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-06-22T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>22</day>
     <month>06</month>
     <year>2024</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-09-03T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>03</day>
     <month>09</month>
     <year>2024</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://fptt.ru/en/issues/23109/23145/">https://fptt.ru/en/issues/23109/23145/</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Криоконцентрирование молока и молочных продуктов является привлекательной альтернативой традиционным методам концентрирования (выпаривание, мембранные технологии) в силу минимального воздействия на нативные свойства и соизмеримых энергетических затрат. Изучение закономерностей массообменных процессов при криоконцентрировании молока позволило определить количество вымороженного льда на охлаждаемой поверхности в зависимости от времени, температуры и состава исходного сырья.&#13;
Объект исследования – обезжиренное молоко (массовая доля жира 0,05 %). С использованием стандартных методов анализа определяли основные физико-химические показатели молока: содержание воды, жира, белка, сухих веществ. Низкотемпературное концентрирование обезжиренного молока осуществляли в емкостном криоконцентраторе в течение 3 ч при различных температурах хладоносителя (–2, –4, –6, –8 ℃). Температуру замерзания определяли с помощью хромель-копелевых термоэлектрических преобразователей. Кинетику низкотемпературного концентрирования изучали на разработанной экспериментальной лабораторной установке.&#13;
В результате исследования установили, что кривые скорости роста ледяной фракции при температурах в диапазоне от –2 до –8 °С схожи и носят нелинейный характер. При всех температурных режимах содержание сухих веществ повышалось с увеличением времени вымораживания и при снижении температуры хладоносителя. Получили уравнение регрессии для расчета массовой доли сухих веществ в концентрированном обезжиренном молоке в зависимости от температуры и времени вымораживания. Определили влияние температуры и продолжительности вымораживания на степень перехода сухих веществ молока во фракцию льда.&#13;
Наибольшее влияние на процесс криоконцентрирования обезжиренного молока оказывала температура хладоносителя. Однако ее снижение привело не только к увеличению содержания сухих веществ в готовом продукте, но и значительно увеличило степень перехода сухих веществ в лед. Оптимальная температура для концентрирования молока в кристаллизаторе емкостного типа составила –4 °С.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>Low-temperature concentration of milk and dairy products is a prospective alternative to such traditional concentration methods as evaporation or membrane technologies. This energy-effective method preserves the native properties of dairy raw materials. In this research, the kinetics of moisture freezing made it possible to determine the effect of time, temperature, and composition on the amount of frozen ice on the cooled surface.&#13;
The study featured the main physical and chemical parameters of milk, i.e., water, fat, protein, and solids. Chromel-copel thermoelectric converters were used to identify the freezing temperature. Experimental laboratory equipment made it possible to describe the kinetics of low-temperature concentration.&#13;
The ice growth rate curves were similar and not linear at temperatures between –2 and –8°C. At all temperature conditions, the solids increased together with the freezing time as the coolant temperature went down. The experiment yielded a regression equation that revealed the mass fraction of solids in concentrated skim milk depending on the temperature and freezing time. The temperature and freezing time affected the transition rate of milk solids into ice.&#13;
The coolant temperature had the greatest effect on the cryoconcentration of skim milk. When the temperature of the coolant was reduced from –2 to –8℃, it increased the share of solids in the finished product and sped up its transition into ice. The optimal temperature for milk concentration in the experimental capacitive-type crystallizer proved to be –4°C.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>Обезжиренное молоко</kwd>
    <kwd>криоконцентрирование</kwd>
    <kwd>сухие вещества</kwd>
    <kwd>температура замерзания</kwd>
    <kwd>кинетика кристаллизации</kwd>
    <kwd>разделительное вымораживание</kwd>
    <kwd>криоскопическая температура</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>Skim milk</kwd>
    <kwd>cryoconcentration</kwd>
    <kwd>solids</kwd>
    <kwd>low-temperature concentration</kwd>
    <kwd>freezing point</kwd>
    <kwd>crystallization kinetics</kwd>
    <kwd>separation freezing</kwd>
    <kwd>cryoscopic temperature</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <funding-group>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена на базе кафедры теплохладотехники Кемеровского государственного университета .</funding-statement>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was performed on the premises of the Department of Heat and Refrigeration Engineering, Kemerovo State University .</funding-statement>
   </funding-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
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