INTRODUCTIONThe project “Fundamentals of the Russian statepolicy for healthy nutrition of the population until 2020”aims to create a set of measures to meet health needsof different groups of the population in accordancewith medical requirements and people’s traditions,habits, and economic status [1]. Fortification, or theprocess of in vivo optimization of raw materials andlater a final product, is a significant tool for functionaland specialized nutrition, especially in the light of dietpersonification trend [2].According to V.A. Tutelyan, academician of theRussian Academy of Sciences, human health is largelydetermined by nature, level, and structure of nutrition,which is reported to have a number of serious disorders.Malnutrition is the main factor that causes irreparabledamage to health, several times more severe thanenvironmental pollution. It is the cause why 70% of theRussian population is reported to lack vitamin C, 40%have â-carotene and vitamin A deficiency, nearly a thirdof the population are vitamin B deficient, and absolutelyeveryone is iodine and selenium deficient.The shortage of essential substances in nutritionis one of the most important issues in Russia. Manyregions lack vital trace elements, such as selenium andiodine, in soil and water and consequently in livestockproducts [5].According to WHO, sheep farming, a supplier ofraw material for the meat processing industry, is nowthe third largest in the world. The use of lamb for the production of functional products is highly promisingdue to its contents of biologically active substances, suchas complete animal protein, bioactive peptides, minerals(zinc, iron, selenium), vitamins, and fatty acids [2].One of the ways to obtain high quality lamb meatthat can provide people with essential trace elements isin vivo optimization of the meat chemical compositionby adding essential nutrients into lamb diets [6]. Themain advantage of in vivo lamb enrichment is theelimination of negative effect (overdose), since thesupplement has already been “approved” by animals [7].Meat processing companies today are extremelyinterested in innovative technologies that increaseproduction profitability. It could open the floodgatesto the global market, which is timely in view of thesanctions imposed on Russia.In this regard, introducing organic trace elementsinto protein-carbohydrate complexes for agriculturalanimals’ diets is one of the safest and inexpensivemethods to obtain enriched meat and dairy rawmaterials [7, 8]. In humans and animals, iodine isfound in inorganic compounds (iodides) and organic(about 75% of total iodine) covalently related forms(thyroglobulin), iodized amino acids (monoiodthyrosineand diiodothyrosine), and iodine-containing hormones(thyroxine and triiodothyronine). Inorganic iodinebound by chemical covalent bond (by amino acidresidues – tyrosine, histidine) is easily organized andabsorbed by internal secretion organs (thyroid system).Iodotyrosines are synthesized in thyroid follicles aspart of thyroglobulin. “Iodine organification” occursin the thyroid gland, where the enzymatic bindingof inorganic iodine to amino acids of the protein –thyroglobulin (iodization) – occurs every second. Asa result of aromatic electrophilic substitution, iodide(J–) is embedded into the molecule of aromatic aminoacid (tyrosine), forming a strong covalent bond withcarbon (C–J). In addition to the thyroid gland, “iodineorganification” is also carried out in the mammary andsalivary glands, as well as other tissues and organs,though to a smaller degree [9].Due to some circumstances, about 12% of total lambproduction in Russia is industrially processed. The restis sold mainly in unpacked carcasses, which results inmass loss and quality degradation [8].Polyethylene, Saran (polyvinylidene chloride), andviscose polymer film materials protect the productfrom external influences, which improves the sanitarycondition of meat and reduces its mass loss and bacterialseediness, promotes color preservation and prevents fatoxidation [3]. However, they not only increase the costof the product but also make the environmental situationworse, as plastic waste takes too long to decompose. Asolution to the problem can be to create environmentallyfriendly types of biodegradable packaging materialsbased on polysaccharide – sodium alginate [4]. Thiscould ensure financial stability of processing enterprises,through transporting refrigerated raw materials toremote regions as well.Our aim was to develop a progressive technologyfor growing lamb enriched with organic form of iodineand selenium and packed in a biodegradable sodiumalginate film.STUDY OBJECTS AND METHODSThe experiment was conducted at Saratov StateVavilov Agrarian University. We formed four groupsof Edilbay lambs (10 in each) aged 4.5 months by theanalog method. Feed supplements were added to thediet once a day, as directed by the guidelines, namely“Yoddar-Zn” (100g/t of feed) and “DAFS-25” (1.6 mg/kgof premixed feed). The control group received only feedin a daily amount of 250–300 g per head in addition tothe main diet. The first experimental group receivedfeed and “Yoddar-Zn”. The second experimental grouphad feed and selenium-based “DAFS-25”. The thirdexperimental group received feed, as well as “Yoddar-Zn” and “DAFS-25” supplements.The researchers of Volga region Research Instituteof Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-MilkProduction and Vavilov Saratov State AgrarianUniversity developed feed supplements containingessential micronutrients further enriched with proteincarbohydratecomplex and Coretron mineral feed basedon “Yoddar-Zn” (Specifications 10.91.10-252-10514645-2019) and “DAFS-25” (Specifications 10.91.10-253-10514645-2019). Feed supplements were added to thediet as directed by the use instructions once a daytogether with grain feed (barley groats) in the amount of10% of their quantity.Our study objects were lambs, m. Longissimus dorsilamb carcasses in sodium alginate biodegradable film(experimental) and without packaging samples (control).The control and experimental samples were stored inthe refrigerator chamber at –1°C and relative humidityof 85%.The protein-carbohydrate complex included pumpkinoil cake (20%), which is the by-product of oil processing.Due to cold pressing, the pumpkin oil cake preservesthe bulk of nutrients, vitamins, and trace elements,biologically active components contained in seeds, andup to 8–12% of pumpkin oil. Pumpkin oil cake is animportant source of protein (up to 45% raw protein).In addition to protein, pumpkin oil cake includessugars, phytosterol, resins, organic acids, carotenoids,thiamine, riboflavin, phosphoric and silica acid salts,potassium, calcium, iron, magnesium. A significantzinc content in pumpkin oil cake, as well as in the oil(containing glycerides linolenic, stearic, palmitic, andoleic acids) produces its favorable impact on the body’snumerous functions. Following the research findings, weapplied for the Patent of the Russian Federation “Feedsupplement for young sheep” (application registrationnumber: Intellectual Product 2019140759 dated09.12.2019).314Giro T.M. et al. Foods and Raw Materials, 2020, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 312–320Coretron is a fine grey powder consisting ofamorphous silica of biogenic origin (100%). It isused in the production of feed and premixes for farmanimals and birds. Coretron prevents feed particlesfrom caking. It has insecticidal properties, stabilizeshumidity, adsorbs and excretes mycotoxins, and isa source of water-soluble silicon needed to improvecalcium assimilation and provide stable functioningof animals’ smooth muscles of the intestines andstomach. An important advantage of Coretron is thatit eliminates product tracking, mold and mycotoxinsformation, and destroys adult insect and larvae speciesduring transportation and storage. In addition, it ensuressystematic reduction of helminths in the digestivetract and saturates the body with amorphous silicon. Itdoes not contain genetically modified ingredients. Thequantity of iodine and selenium is evaluated dependingon their content in the feed. Feed supplements do notviolate intestinal normal flora and do not have toxic andsensitizing effects.The main authenticity criteria for supplements basedon iodized milk proteins is the presence of iodotyrosinesand the degree of iodization. Obtaining organic iodine isbased on enzymatic iodization of amino acid residues ofcow’s milk whey proteins. Until the present, the existingmethods have stood on the voltammetric determinationof inorganic iodine. The Federal Research Center ofFood Systems named after Gorbatov (Russian Academyof Sciences) developed and certified a control methodfor the content of iodotyrosines in biologically activesupplements (Instruction 103.5-132-2012) and StateStandard 33422-2015I. The method allows identifyingorganic iodine (iodotyrosines) [10, 11]. Determinationof iodotyrosines in complex food matrices containingthe organic form of iodine requires the use of highefficiencyliquid chromatography technique withmass spectrometric detection (HPLC – MS/MS). Thedetermination of organic iodine was carried out on anAgilent Technologies 6410 Triple Quadrupole system.The conditions for recording analytical signals inthe Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) mode arepresented in Table 1.Confirming the presence of certain solutes requiresthe use of mass spectrometric identification sinceI State Standard 33422-2015. Meat and meat products. Determinationof iodotyrosines using high performance liquid chromatography withmass spectrometry detection. Moscow: Standartinform; 2016. 10 p.food and raw materials consist of organic substancesthat affect measurement, such as HPLC or GC.HPLC methods with classical detectors of differenttypes (spectrophotometric, diode matrix, fluorescent,refractometric) and GC (flame ionization, electrongripping) are not selective in the determination oforganic iodine and do not allow the necessary sensitivityin the study of food samples and raw materials.Voltammetry cannot be applied in the determinationof iodotyrosines, as it is for analyzing inorganic iodineonly. The possibility of chromatographic separationand identification of iodotyrosines in case of presenceof organic impurities almost completely eliminateserrors during analysis. It allows recommending HPLC– MC/MC as a reliable and highly accurate method ofiodotyrosines determination in meat and meat products.M. Longissimus dorsi from lamb carcasses wascoated with sodium alginate biodegradable film(E401). Sodium alginate is used as enterosorbent: itexhibits sorption activity against heavy metals andradionuclides, as well as significantly reduces cholesterollevels in blood. In medicine, sodium alginate is usedas a drug (antacid) to treat gastrointestinal diseases.Alginates have antisclerotic, immune-modulatingand antimicrobial properties, improve carbohydratemetabolism, reduce lipids in the blood, and normalizethyroid function, as it contains iodine. Due to its naturalorigin, sodium alginate has a high safety level forhumans, certified for the production of baby food.Calcium chloride is a dietary supplement (E509) thatrefers to emulsifiers and is a drug that complements thelack of calcium in the body. It is generally used togetherwith other hydrocolloids: carrageenans, pectin, and mostoften with sodium alginate, which needs its ions to formbiodegradable food coatings for meat raw materials.The mechanism for alginate gels formationinvolves the joint binding of calcium ions betweensingle line polygaluronate sequences. The chains ofmacromolecules bound in such a configuration havepores or cavities corresponding to the size of the Ca+2ion radius. Gelling is intense when filling pores withcalcium ions.To produce biodegradable film, we prepared ahomogeneous 2% solution that was constantly mixedat 150–200 rpm. Alginate film formed as a resultof spaying 0.05% calcium chloride (pH below 3.6).Calcium chloride, interacting with sodium alginate,forms a thin stable, thixotropic, transparent protectivecoating. To accelerate the formation of the coating outerlayer, it was fixed by the flow of air in the refrigeratingchamber.The mineral composition of lamb muscle tissue wasassessed for the presence of micronutrients (Se, Zn, I).Macro- and micronutrients were determined by atomicTable 1 MRM ion impact parameters and electrical field (ESI)spray ionization conditions with positive ion registrationSolute Precursorion, m/zDaughterions, m/zFragmentorVoltage(Frag), VDissociationenergy(CE), V3-iodine-Ltyrosine(MIT)364.0364.0134.9261.911211230133,5-diiodine-Ltyrosine(DIT)489.9489.9387.8260.91161161730315Giro T.M. et al. Foods and Raw Materials, 2020, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 312–320absorption spectroscopy (State Standard 53182-2008II,State Standard 31660-2012III, State Standard 30178-96IV,State Standard 33422-2015V).Immuno-physiological parameters of blood wereanalyzed by standard methods: the number of red andwhite blood cells was counted in Goryaev’s chamber,haemoglobin was determined by Sahli’s method, totalserum protein was refractometrically measured byMcCord, phagocytic number, phagocytic activity, andphagocytic intensity Mancini method.Toxic elements – lead, cadmium and arsenic – weredetermined according to Methodological Guidelines4.1.986 “Methods of measuring the mass fraction oflead and cadmium in food and food raw materials byelectrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry”VIestablished by the Scientific Council for AnalyticalMethods 450×. Statistical processing of the results on thedynamics of changes in hematological and biochemicalparameters of blood serum was carried out accordingto standard procedures, using the Microsoft Excelapplication 2010 (Microsoft Corp. USA) and the StatPlus2009 Professional 5.8.4 for Windows statistical dataanalysis package (StatSoft Inc., USA), with the Studentt criterion applied to assess the validity of differencesbetween experimental and control samples. Basedon the arithmetic mean and standard deviation, wedetermined the standard error of the arithmetic meanand the boundary of its confidence interval, taking intoaccount the coefficient t (n, p) at a significance levelof 95% (P = 0.05) and number of measurements. Thesignificance of differences between the average values inthe experimental and control tests was assessed by theP-value in the variant of a two-sample unpaired t-testII State Standard 53182-2008. Foodstuffs. Determination of traceelements. Determination of total arsenic and selenium by hydridegeneration atomic absorption spectrometry (HGAAS) method afterpressure digestion. Moscow: Standartinform; 2010. 16 p.III State Standard 31660-2012. Foods. Anodic stripping voltammetricmethod of iodine mass concentration determination. Moscow:Standartinform; 2012. 15 p.IV State Standard 30178-96. Raw material and food-stuffs. Atomicabsorption method for determination of toxic elements. Moscow:Standartinform; 2010. 8 p.V State Standard 33422-2015. Meat and meat products. Determinationof iodotyrosines using high performance liquid chromatography withmass spectrometry detection. Moscow: Standartinform; 2016. 10 p.VI MUK 4.1.986-00 Metodika vypolneniya izmereniy massovoy dolisvintsa i kadmiya v pishchevykh produktakh i prodovolʹstvennomsyrʹe metodom ehlektrotermicheskoy atomno-absorbtsionnoyspektrometrii [MG 4.1.986. Methods of measuring the massfraction of lead and cadmium in food and food raw materials byelectrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry]. Moscow: FederalCenter for State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of theMinistry of Health of Russia; 2000. 32 p.with unequal variances. The differences were consideredsignificant at P ≥ 0.05. In addition, we observed theinequality t, t(n, p) at n= (df +1) (where df is the numberof degrees of freedom), P = 0.05, where2 1/ 22211 2(s s )x xt+−=where x1 and x2 are arithmetic mean values, s1 and s2are their standard errors for two experimental datasamples [12].RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONHigh productivity of small cattle is impossiblewithout rational and full-value feeding based on theknowledge of physiological state, level of productivity,intended use and need in energy, nutrients, minerals,vitamins and other biologically active substances.Highly important is to balance diets in minerals andmicronutrients, especially in the regions where theircontent is low.To optimize the chemical composition of lambin vivo, we studied the efficiency of feed enriched withorganic forms of iodine, selenium, and zinc (“Yoddar-Zn” and “DAFS-25”), when rearing small cattle.At the initial stage, we performed a sanitaryexamination of lamb meat from the animals grown onenriched diets. The content of toxic elements in the lambunder study is presented in Table 2.The findings showed that the content of toxicelements in the lamb from experimental groupscomplied with the requirements of the TechnicalRegulations of the Customs Union “On meat and meatproducts safety” (TR CU 034/2013VII).The study of “DAFS-25” and “Yoddar-Zn” effects,as well as their combined effect on the lambs’ resistance,showed that the hematological indicators of the animalswere within physiological norms. At the same time,blood morphological composition and biochemicalparameters showed intergroup differences (Table 3).We detected that hemoglobin was higher(P > 0.99) in the lambs of the experimental groups. Theconcentration of total protein during the same periodwas slightly lower, which might be driven by moreintensive protein exchange processes and better growthenergy. No reliable differences were established in thegroups in terms of blood cells (Table 3).VII TR TS 034/2013. Tekhnicheskiy reglament Tamozhennogo soyuza“O bezopasnosti myasa i myasnoy produktsii” [TR CU 034/2013.Technical Regulations of the Customs Union “On meat and meatproducts safety”]. 2013. 108 p.Table 2 Content of toxic elements in lamb grown on enriched dietsElement Content, μg/gControl group Group I (iodine) Group II (selenium) Group III (iodine, selenium)Arsenic (As) 0.002 ± 0.0004 0.003 ± 0.0007 0.003 ± 0.0005 0.002 ± 0.0005Cadmium (Cd) < 0.00048 0.001 ± 0.0003 0.0005 ± 0.00015 < 0.00048Lead (Pb) 0.008 ± 0.0016 0.007 ± 0.0013 0.01 ± 0.002 0.01 ± 0.002316Giro T.M. et al. Foods and Raw Materials, 2020, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 312–320The lambs of the experimental groups had a higherphagocytic number compared to the control, whose dietincluded only feed: 5.1% (P > 0 .95), 9 .4% ( P > 0.95),and 14.5% (P > 0.99) in groups I, II, III, respectively.In addition, the meat of group II and group III hadincreased phagocytic activity and phagocytic intensity.This indicated their higher resistance to adverseenvironmental factors compared to the control group.Thus, selenium and iodine feed supplements inthe diet of lambs in the early post-embryonic periodstimulate their development and increase resistance.Meat quality is largely determined by the histologicalstructure of animal muscle tissue and depends on thesize of muscle fibers, as well as condition and structureof connective and adipose tissues. To assess the meatquality, we studied the changes in the histologicalstructure of m. Longissimus dorsi carcasses of the fourlamb groups depending on their diet.The muscle tissues of all the studied lambs grown onvarious diets had morphological features characteristicof the beginning of rigidity. We detected no significantdifferences in muscle tissues in the course of autolysis.Table 3 Immuno-physiological blood indicators of lambs on different dietsGroupIndicatorLambs 4.5 months old (n = 25) Lambs 7.5 months old (n = 25)Control group Group I(iodine)Group II(selenium)Group III(iodine,selenium)ControlgroupGroup I(iodine)Group II(selenium)Group III(iodine,selenium)Erythrocytes,mln/μL14.30 ± 0.03 14.60 ± 0.02 13.90 ± 0.03 14.00 ± 0.01 10.01 ± 0.01 10.40 ± 0.02 10.07 ± 0.02 10.70 ± 0.02Leukocytes,thousand/μL4.00 ± 0.02 3.9 0 ± 0.01 4.10 ± 0.02 4.20 ± 0.02 8.21 ± 0.01 8.25 ± 0.01 8.26 ± 0.01 8.28 ± 0.02Hemoglobin, g/L 130.00 ± 0.01 139.00 ± 0.01 134.00 ± 0.01 129.00 ± 0.01 128.00 ± 0.04 131.20 ± 0.07 132.70 ± 0.03 133.20 ± 0.09Totalprotein, g85.30 ± 0.09 84.90 ± 0.03 85.30 ± 0.05 85.30 ± 0.04 69.20 ± 0.02 64.00 ± 0.07 62.10 ± 0.04 61.00 ± 0.01Phagocyticnumber, unit1.33 ± 0.02 1.38 ± 0.02 1.30 ± 0.02 1.32 ± 0.02 1.38 ± 0.02 1.45 ± 0.01 1.51 ± 0.02 1.58 ± 0.02Phagocyticactivity,%56.80 ± 0.03 53.40 ± 0.03 52.90 ± 0.03 56.10 ± 0.03 55.70 ± 0.01 57.70 ± 0.02 59.20 ± 0.03 59.70 ± 0.02Phagocyticintensity, unit2.33 ± 0.03 2.17 ± 0.03 2.26 ± 0.03 2.20 ± 0.03 2.34 ± 0.01 2.46 ± 0.05 2.55 ± 0.02 2.70 ± 0.02Control group Group I (iodine)Group II (selenium) Group III (iodine and selenium)Figure 1 Microstructure of lamb tissue (m. Logissimus dorsi) grown on different diets317Giro T.M. et al. Foods and Raw Materials, 2020, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 312–320The micro-structural analysis revealed that the useof “DAFS-25” and “Yoddar-Zn” in raising young sheepdid not cause any negative changes in muscular fibersand surrounding connective tissue, endomysium andperimysium. This finding indicated that they can be usedfor fattening animals in industrial production.The average daily growth of live mass among lambsaged 4.5–7.5 months showed that the animals in theexperimental groups had higher weight than those in thecontrol group. In particular, the differences were 3.83 g(3.43%) in group I (P ≥ 0.999), 7.50 g (6.72%) in group II(P ≥ 0.999), and 16.66 g (14.92%) in group III (P ≥ 0.999)(Table 4).In our opinion, the mass growth was due to the dietenrichment with organic selenium and iodine.The chemical composition of lamb is shown inTable 5.The meat of the experimental groups had a bettercomposition. With equal protein and ash content, itcontained less water and had higher caloricity (Table 4).Mineral substances are a structural material fortissues and organs. They are a part of organic substancesparticipating in respiration, hemotogenesis, digestion,absorption, synthesis, flow, and release of metabolismproducts from the body. They are interrelated with theactivity of many biologically active substances andgenerally affect metabolism and numerous physiologicalfunctions of the organism. Iodine, selenium, and zinc areof high importance in the metabolism of the organism.The content of zinc, iodine, and selenium in lambwas directly dependent on their content in the diets, witha higher content recorded in lamb of group III (Fig. 2).Soft enzymatic hydrolysis, chromatography andmass spectrometry were used to identify and assessthe site of iodine incorporation into proteins. We foundno changes in hydrolysis of lamb proteins involvingproteolytic enzymes, unlike acid hydrolysis. There wereno changes in hydrolysis products. Figures 3, 4 show thechromatograms of the lamb samples with iodotyrosines.Iodotyrosine determination can be performed usingdiode array or spectrophotometric detectors. However,when the target iodotyrosines are extracted fromcompounds such as food products, the finished samplesmay contain foreign organic impurities. In some cases,while using diode array or spectrophotometric detectors,mistakes may occur due to the presence of crosssignalsubstances. Determining separate iodotyrosinesmay also be difficult due to incomplete separation ofchromatographic peaks.We should take into account that a column is notcapable of separating iodotyrosines in the presenceof organic compounds as well as it works withoutforeign impurities. Liquid chromatography withmass spectrometric detection (HPLC – MC/MC) isa more reliable method to determine iodotyrosinesin food products than HPLC with diode array orspectrophotometric detectors. Its advantage is highsensitivity toward the components under examination.Table 4 Average daily growth of living lamb mass (M ± m)Age, months Mass growth, g (n = 10)Control group Group I (iodine) Group II (selenium) Group III (iodine and selenium)4.5–7.5 111.67 ± 0.12 115.50 ± 0.22 119.17 ± 0.32 128.33 ± 0.22Table 5 Chemical composition of lamb meat obtained from animals on different fattening dietsGroup Moisture, % Drysubstance, %Protein, % Fat, % Ash, % Energyvalue/kg, kJControl 71.12 ± 0.22 28.88 18.23 ± 0.12 9.60 ± 0.10 1.05 ± 0.02 8167.60Group I (iodine) 71,01 ± 0,31 28.98 18.13 ± 0.11 9.84 ± 0.13 1.01 ± 0.01 8239.19Group II (selenium) 70.85 ± 0.25 29.15 18.06 ± 0.14 10.11 ± 0.17 0.98 ± 0.01 8329.87Group III (iodine and selenium) 69.96 ± 0.23 30.04 17.94 ± 0.12 11.17 ± 0.14 0.95 ± 0.01 8718.02Figure 2 Zinc, selenium, and iodine contents in 100 g of lambdepending on the dietzinc,mgcontrolgroup I(iodine)group II(selenium)group III(iodine andselenium)daily humanneed, mgselenium,mg iodine,mg318Giro T.M. et al. Foods and Raw Materials, 2020, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 312–320The selective ion detection mode eliminates falsepositiveresults in case of cross-signal substancespresent in samples. The monitoring mode of daughterions allows determining of the compounds when theirmolecular masses match.In the course of analysis, we tested the methodof ionization by spraying in the electric field (ESI)with pre-column derivatization of iodotyrosines bya butanol:acetylchloride mixture (4:1). As shown inFigs. 3, 4, the chromatograms of the lamb sampleswith an iodotyrosine content are presented in the modeof monitoring daughter ions on the three-quadrupolemass detector Agilent 6410. The confirming ionsfor these substances were different; solutes werechromatographically separated with a fine-grainedcolumn with C18 phase (Agilent Eclipse XDB C18,4.6×50 mm, 1.8 μm).Thus, we identified organic iodine and determinedits quantity in the form of iodotyrosines. It was dueto its covalently bound form that organic iodine wasable to exhibit many biological properties, includingthrough iodine-containing hormones, thyroxine andFigure 3 Chromatogram of a lamb sample with iodthyrosines (total ion current and MRM transitions of monoiodotyrosine)Figure 4 Chromatogram of a lamb sample with iodotyrosines (total ion current and MRM transitions of diiodotyrosine)319Giro T.M. et al. Foods and Raw Materials, 2020, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 312–320triiodothyronine, involved in the regulation of allmetabolic processes in the human body.We found that the use of mineral supplements in thediets of small cattle is promising and relevant. It allowsobtaining lamb enriched with organic trace elements.The duration of lamb storage under refrigeratorconditions is limited by a number of factors, includingtemperature, humidity, carcass contamination, postmortalbiochemical processes, as well as the presence ofeco-toxicants and residues of medicines in meat [13]. Toeliminate the negative impact of refrigeration on meatquality and extend the shelf life, we covered the cutswith biodegradable film based on sodium alginate.Sodium alginate film is homogeneous in structure,flexible, and transparent. It has structural resistance andbarrier effect against air oxygen and microorganisms.Biodegradable package does not lose its structureformingproperties after refrigeration; there is no need toremove it before use. An important advantage of bio-filmis sensory acceptability and low cost [14].Loss of meat mass due to moisture evaporationduring cooling and freezing is not only a quantitativecharacteristic. The surface of meat after drainingbecomes porous, with temperature burns resultingin the deterioration of commercial appearance. Meateasily absorbs foreign odors and oxidation processesaccelerate. Moisture losses during lamb cooling inbiodegradable film are presented in Fig. 5.Moisture loss during storage of the control samples(lamb without coating) was 3.71% higher than in theexperimental group (lamb in biodegradable film). Thisconfirmed that biodegradable film provides denseadhesion to the surface of raw materials, which preventsmoisture exchange and, therefore, minimizes moistureloss [15].CONCLUSIONThe use of selenium and iodine supplements, namely“Yoddar-Zn” and “DAFS-25”, in small cattle dietsstimulated their development, increased their resistanceand productivity, and enriched lamb meat with organiczinc, selenium, and iodine. This has a big medicaland social importance for preventing micronutrientdeficiency in the population.We found that the hematological indicatorsof animals grown on enriched diets were withinphysiological norms. The content of hemoglobin washigher in the experimental groups (P > 0.99). Theconcentration of total protein during the same periodwas slightly lower, which might be driven by moreintensive protein exchange processes and better growthenergy. No reliable differences were established in thecontent of red blood cells in the groups (Table 3).We detected a higher phagocytic number in theexperimental groups. Also, the meat of group II andgroup III exceeded the control group for phagocyticactivity and intensity. This indicated their higherresistance to adverse environmental factors compared tothe control group.We determined organic iodine and its quantity inthe form of iodotyrosines. It was due to its covalentlybound form that organic iodine was able to exhibitmany biological properties, including through iodinecontaininghormones – thyroxine and triiodothyronine– involved in the regulation of all metabolic processesin the human body. Monitoring trace elements showedthat zinc, iodine, and selenium contents in lamb meatdirectly depended on their amounts in the lambs’ diet.We detected their higher concentration in lamb meat ofthe 3d experimental group (iodine and selenium diet).The microstructural analysis revealed that the useof “DAFS-25” and “Yoddar-Zn” in raising young lambsdid not cause any negative changes in muscular fibers,endomysium and perimysium. Thus, they can be usedfor fattening animals in industrial production.CONTRIBUTIONAuthors are equally related to the writing of themanuscript and are equally responsible for plagiarism.CONFLICT OF INTERESTThe authors state that there is no conflict of interest.