The influence of the level of readily available carbohydrates in the diets of cows of the Kholmogorsky breed on the production efficiency and qualitative characteristics of milk has been studied. A twofold increase in the sugar-protein ratio in diets at the height of lactation contributed to an increase in milk productivity by 4,6 %. There was a significant effect (P=0,95) of an increase in the level of carbohydrates on an increase in the protein content in milk by 0,14 abs. % and the content of dry skimmed milk residue by 0,128 abs. %. The dependence on the level of sugars in the diet of cows was determined, expressed in a positive correlation of the protein content in milk at the beginning and end of the experiment (r=0,54), and the content of sugars and dry skimmed milk residue (r=0,76). When cows consume an additional amount of readily available carbohydrates, the service period is reduced by 14,9 days. The biochemical analysis of blood revealed a more intensive course of metabolic processes. The level of alpha- and gamma-globulins responsible for the formation of immunity in animals of the experimental group increased by 0,74–0,79 % compared to the control group. During the experiment, there was a pronounced tendency to increase the concentration of glucose by 10,6 %, which indicates a positive energy balance in the body of experimental animals. The additional introduction of 741 g per day of readily available carbohydrates into the diet increases the biological value of milk, has a positive effect on economic indicators. The research results show the importance of balancing diets by the level of readily available carbohydrates in order to obtain high-grade dairy products.