Food Processing: Techniques and Technology Food Processing: Techniques and Technology Техника и технология пищевых производств 2074-9414 2313-1748 89181 10.21603/2074-9414-2024-3-2527 ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ ORIGINAL ARTICLE ОРИГИНАЛЬНАЯ СТАТЬЯ Synthesis of Biodegradable Plastic from Wak Banana Peel Starch with Glycerol as Plasticizer Синтез биоразлагаемого пластика из банановой кожуры с глицерином в качестве пластификатора https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0274-8894 Ирмаянти Ирмаянти Irmayanti Irmayanti irmayanti@serambimekkah.ac.id https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9395-8028 Анвар Чаирил Anwar Chairil Университет Серамби в Мекке Ачех Индонезия Universitas Serambi Mekkah Aceh Indonesia Индонезийский политехнический институт Венесуэлы Ачех Индонезия Politeknik Indonesia Venezuela Aceh Indonesia 02 10 2024 02 10 2024 54 3 546 557 13 02 2024 05 03 2024 https://fptt.ru/en/issues/22856/22833/

Из банановой кожуры получается биодеградируемый пластик высокой прочности и прозрачности. Он естественным образом разлагается в окружающей среде и может заменить традиционный пластик, который, в силу своего медленного разложения, является опасным источником загрязнения. Целью данного исследования являлось изучение физических свойств биоразлагаемой пленки, изготовленной из крахмала, полученной при помощи метода литьевого раствора из банановой кожуры с глицерином в качестве пластификатора. В исследовании применялась факторная полностью рандомизированная модель с двумя повторениями. В качестве факторов выбраны: концентрация крахмала банановой кожуры (6, 8 и 10 %) и концентрация глицерина (2, 5 и 8 %). Данные были подвергнуты дисперсионному анализу (ANOVA). В ходе эксперимента изучены: прочность на разрыв, удлинение, поглощение воды и биодеградация. Функциональные группы образцов биоразлагаемых пленок анализировали при помощи инфракрасной спектроскопии с преобразованием Фурье. Морфологическую структуру экспериментального пластика изучали с помощью сканирующей электронной микроскопии. По результатам теста на биоразлагаемость образец с меньшим содержанием крахмала (6–8 %) разлагался быстрее. Более высокие концентрации глицерина (5–15 %) привели к утяжелению образцов. Образцы пластика с 15 % глицерина разлагались быстрее, чем образцы с минимальным содержанием глицерина. Высокая концентрация крахмала из банановой кожуры существенно влияла на прочность и удлинение, а влияние на содержание воды и водопоглощающую способность оказалось незначительным. Концентрация глицерина оказала значительное влияние на содержание воды и прочность, при этом эффект на водопоглощающую способность и удлинение был незначительным. Соотношение между концентрацией крахмала из банановой кожуры и глицерина существенно влияло на прочность и водопоглощающую способность экспериментального образца биоразлагаемого пластика. Наилучшие результаты продемонстрировал образец с 8 % крахмала из банановой кожуры и 2 % глицерина. Исследование выявило новые возможности использования банановой кожуры в качестве сырья для производства биоразлагаемой упаковки и альтернативы традиционному пластику. Коммерциализация и масштабируемость проекта требуют дальнейших исследований.

Biodegradable plastic from banana peel is durable and transparent. It breaks down naturally in the environment and can substitute traditional petroleum plastic, which is a source of pollution due to its slow degradation. This research is intended to improve the physical properties of biodegradable film obtained by the casting solution method from an Aceh variety of wak banana peel starch with glycerol as a plasticizer. The authors relied on a factorial completely randomized design with two replications. The variables included the concentrations of wak banana peel starch (6, 8, and 10%) and glycerol (2, 5, and 8%). The data were subjected to the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The physical tests covered tensile strength, elongation, water absorption, and biodegradation. The functional groups of biodegradable films were analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The morphological structure was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The biodegradation test lasted for two and four days. The sample with less banana peel starch (6–8%) degraded faster. Higher glycerol concentrations (5–15%) affected the weight of the samples. The plastic samples with 15% glycerol degraded faster than the samples with minimal glycerol amount. A greater concentration of wak banana peel starch significantly affected tensile strength and elongation while the effect on water content and water absorption capacity was insignificant. Glycerol concentration affected water content and tensile strength, but had no significant effect on water absorption capacity and elongation. The ratio between the concentrations of wak banana peel starch and glycerol had a significant effect on tensile strength and water absorption capacity. The best results belonged to the sample with 8% wak banana peel starch and 2% glycerol. The research provided new options for utilizing banana peels as biodegradable packaging and an alternative to traditional plastic. The commercialization and scalability of this ecologically friendly plastic require furth er research.

 Банановая кожура крахмал биодеградация процесс разложения проницаемость пластик экстракция Banana peel starch biodegradation degradation process permeability plastic extraction

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