Аннотация (русский):
Скрытый голод является социальной проблемой во многих странах мира и ежегодно провоцирует развитие алиментарно-зависимых заболеваний у населения. Одним из решений проблемы скрытого голода является биофортификация – термин, который объединяет совокупность методов селекции, генной инженерии, агрономии и микробиологии. Цель работы – анализ актуальных исследований зарубежных специалистов по вопросам микробной биофортификации и оценке потенциала использования микроорганизмов для обогащения зерновых культур биогенными элементами. Объектом исследования являлись научные публикации зарубежных ученых за период 1984–2024 гг. Поиск научных источников осуществляли в базах данных Scopus, ScienceDirect и Google Scholar. Поисковые запросы включали следующие ключевые слова и словосочетания: biofortification, wheat, rice, oats, growth stimulation, antagonism и phytopathogens. Полученную информацию экспортировали из программного обеспечения Zotero в формате файла RIS. Обработку файла для анализа ключевых слов и представления их в графической форме осуществляли с помощью программы VOSviewer. Основными механизмами микробной биофортификации являются фиксация атмосферного азота и солюбилизация биогенных элементов. Солюбилизация осуществляется за счет синтеза органических и неорганических кислот, протонов, сидерофоров, внеклеточных ферментов и других вторичных метаболитов. Микроорганизмы способны изменять экспрессию генов растений для лучшего поглощения и аккумуляции питательных элементов, а также архитектуру корневой системы растения для лучшего извлечения биогенных соединений из почвы. В работе обобщили сведения о лабораторных и полевых исследованиях микробной биофортификации зерновых культур. Микробной биофортификации подвергали рис, пшеницу, ячмень и т. д. Культуры обогащали такими элементами, как железо, селен, цинк, медь, марганец, азот, фосфор и калий. Применение биофортификации на основе ростостимулирующих микроорганизмов является экологичным, надежным и экономически эффективным подходом в обеспечении продовольственной безопасности страны и рациональным решением проблемы скрытого голода. Полученные литературные данные могут лечь в основу разработки микробных препаратов для сельского хозяйства.

Ключевые слова:
Биогенные вещества, скрытый голод, сельское хозяйство, микроорганизмы, азот, фосфор, цинк, железо

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